ABSTRACTGram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important aquatic pathogen and has been demonstrated to be the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrotic disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture. The AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus strains contain a pVA1 plasmid encoding the binary PirAVP and PirBVP toxins. are the primary virulence factor that mediates AHP... https://cosmeticssquadets.shop/product-category/nicotine-gum/